Patients under peritoneal dialysis are often hypertensive and sometimes volume overloaded, which is related to endothelial damage in PD patients. ICI 182780 Glucose is absorbed to a large extent from the dialysate, and conventional PD results in an almost unique metabolic situation involving continuous 24-hour absorption of glucose. One common and important side effect of this treatment is weight gain and accumulation of body fat stores. These patients develop hyperlipidemia, with high levels of low-density lipoprotein and triglycerides. Advanced glycation endproducts, which are believed to promote atherosclerosis through interaction with endothelial receptors, are commonly accumulated in CKD patients due to decreased renal clearance, could be overproduced in PD patients due to the high exposure to glucose and glucose degradation products. Bioincompatibility of conventional glucose-based peritoneal dialysis fluids has been partially attributed to the presence of GDP generated during heat sterilization of PDF, which are thought to contribute to cellular dysfunction and membrane damage during peritoneal dialysis. In accordance with these previous results, our present study shows that the glucose load and the presence of GDP could play a role in the development of endothelial damage among these patients. Icodextrin is a colloid osmotic agent, derived from maltodextrin, used as aqueous solution for peritoneal dialysis. The osmotic activity of icodextrin keeps the solution inside the peritoneum for 10 to 16 hours without being significantly metabolized. Due to its chemical characteristics, Icodextrin reduces the burden of glucose overexposure. From this perspective, the activating effect of Icodextrin on the transcription factor is difficult to explain. It can however not be excluded that the pH of the Icodextrin solution could exert a damaging effect on the endothelium in our in vitro studies. From our present results it can be concluded that there is endothelial activation and damage associated with CKD, as demonstrated by the increased presence of plasma markers and by the in vitro studies in cultured endothelial cells. The uremic state seems to be a major cause of endothelial damage, probably through the activation of transcription factors, such as NFkB, which are related to inflammation. However, while improved hemodialysis procedures do not seem to have an additional deleterious effect, our different experimental approaches applied indicate that peritoneal dialysis seems to exert a more intense proinflamatory action on the endothelium that could be due, at least in part, to the increased glucose load. Studies to elucidate the potential molecular mechanisms involved should be the aim of future investigation. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic disease that has increased its prevalence and incidence rates in recent years, and some authors consider it the most important epidemic of the 21st century. Glycated hemoglobin is an important indicator of diabetic control, because it provides an average of all the blood glucose readings for the previous two-three months. Several studies have shown a relationship between the lack of glycemic control and chronic complications, so the relative risk for stroke or coronary heart disease is 1.18 for each 1- percent point increase in HbA1c in patients with T2DM. Currently, the responsibility for the care of patients with diabetes has shifted to a primary health care setting, and, more specifically, to nurses. They have a central role in the treatment of patients with T2DM and have been implementing.