Physicians’ behavior was not directly analyzed but attitude of behavior was evaluated. It is possible, that actual behavior differs from the stated attitudes. Although the survey was distributed among a large group of decision makers and caretakers of TB patients in Germany from the public health care sector and different clinical areas and 510 physicians completed the online survey, the response rate of the electronic questionnaire was only approximately 20%. Due to the anonymous nature of this web-based survey, no information was available on the physicians who responded or did not respond to the invitation to participate in the study. Consequently, sampling bias cannot be excluded and generalization of the results has to be made with caution. Despite these limitations, this is the largest survey of physicians’ attitude towards TB prevention in Germany to date and the results from this survey reflect actual data on acceptance of preventive chemotherapy in this country. In (+)-JQ1 conclusion, we found great uncertainty about risk factors for tuberculosis among physicians in Germany likely leading to nonstringent behavior in TB prevention. TB prevention could be improved if the definition of TB “risk groups” for LTBI screening and preventive chemotherapy will be re-classified according to data applying to local situations. Immunodiagnostic testing should be limited to risk groups in which a positive test result is associated with a significantly increased risk for developing TB in the future and significant risk reduction can be achieved by preventive chemotherapies. This will require regional and national surveys rather than applying information from high TB prevalence countries to countries of low TB prevalence and vice versa. This approach could lead to more consequent initiation of preventive therapy following a positive test and avoid unnecessary testing and treatment. The peculiar characteristic to recognize and bind specific carbohydrates made lectins of animal and plant origin useful tools for detecting changes in carbohydrate profiles and identifying aberrant glycans in neoplastic cells with the aim of more precise diagnostics and more accurate prognosis. The technique most common and widespread is the use of lectins in immunohistochemical assays. Molecules with a narrow specificity, which are able to bind selectively to carbohydrates, have also a key importance in the development of research related with mechanism of cancerogenesis or inflammation at the molecular level as well as for designing drugs targeted to a relevant molecule. In consequence of the strong innate defense system and the absence of the adaptive immunity in marine invertebrates, a number of their lectins were found to play considerable biological recognition role and therefore have unique specific activities. Several methods regarding the use of marine invertebrate lectins, including mannan-binding C-type lectin from Far Eastern holothurian MBL-AJ, as tools for recognizing aberrant glycans or foreign microbial structures have been proposed in recent days. In addition, MBL-AJ was successfully applied for differential diagnostics of benign and malignant neoplasms of uterine cervix by the analysis of contents of lectin-binding carcinoembryonic antigen in vaginal secretion.