The relation of vitamin D to EMT process and our results concerning index of fibrosis in VDD+IRI group, aroused our interest to study whether renal tubule cells were under phenotypic modification. We observed a significant increase of vimentin expression in IRI and VDD+IRI groups and a similar profile of aSMA expression, although without statistical difference. Based on that, we considered the involvement of vitamin D deficiency in cellular phenotypic alteration, since the animals from VDD+IRI groups presented more prominent expression of both markers. Xiong et al, showed that low expression of VDR in CKD could be a potential mechanism linking inflammation to EMT. It is known that pro-fibrotic effect of inflammation depends partly on EMT process. Such effect was possible by sustained stimulation with inflammatory cytokines on epithelial cells. According to the authors, TNF-a suppressed the expression of VDR in various cell types, and sensitized cells to EMT process induced by TGF-b. In our study, we found reduced expression of VDR and increased expression of TGF-b in VDD+IRI group, supporting the idea that vitamin D deficiency is associated with tubulointerstitial damage and interstitial fibrosis. So, a possible mechanism for that would include an association with inflammatory pathways, suggesting a combination between decreased VDR expression with increased TGF-b1 expression in our animals subjected to ischemia/reperfusion injury. Based on our data, we can conclude that vitamin D deficiency is an aggravating factor for tubulointerstitial damage and formation of interstitial fibrosis after ischemia/reperfusion injury. Dengue viruses are the world’s most important mosquito-borne viral pathogens for humans in terms of morbidity, mortality and economic impact. DENVs consist of four antigenically distinct serotypes, which cause a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations. An estimated 3.6 billion people in the global population and approximately 120 million travellers are at risk of DENV infection. The number of dengue cases reported annually is 50–100 million, with approximately 24,000 deaths in children. There is no commercially available DENV vaccine or DENV specific antiviral therapies, despite more than fifty years of research in this field. DENV is a single stranded, positive sense RNA virus belonging to the genus Flavivirus. Due to the error prone nature of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and genome recombination, DENVs raise significant genetic diversity during their replication. Phylogenetic studies of DENV serotypes showed that they form diverse phylogenetic clusters, that consist of multiple distinct lineages. The lineage extinction and replacement on a regular basis is the most surprising Adriamycin feature of DENVs evolutionary dynamics. A lineage that persists for a number of years at a given geographical location sometimes becomes extinct. Lineage replacement events on a regional scale are well documented.