Extract as an alternative to salt for the curing process by assessing different parameters like hair slip

A study of buffalo hide preservation using sodium sulphate was carried out. After rigorous laboratory experimentation on moisture content, SEM of hide, pure sodium sulphate as well as sodium sulphate in addition to sodium chloride proved to be the most preferable option for curing of buffalo hide, as it gave effective preservation. Materials such as polyethylene glycol, boric acid, collagenase inhibitors, ozone, and mixtures of acetic acid with sodium sulphite or with benzoic acid were investigated as preservatives for hides and skins. Attempts were made to 20S-Notoginsenoside-R2 completely avoid chemicals for that purpose. Here, the use of electron beam irradiation or gamma radiation should be mentioned. Authors have reported that a total of three weeks elapsed between hide removal and tanning. After storage at room temperature, all of the hides appeared to be as fresh and clean as they were immediately after flaying. With the exception of draw, which was considerably better on the irradiated sides compared to the brine sides, all of the parameters measured were equivalent for both preservation treatments. Vankar and Dhivehi proposed that commercial scarcity and the cost of consumption of the above-mentioned curing processes do not invite flayers to follow these new methods. These suppliers who supply 60�C70% of raw skins for total consumption to the leather industry require a cheap strategy. Hence, the development of an alternative curing technique should proceed in such a way that the practices and socioeconomic feasibility can be maintained at equilibrium. It is known that lowering the temperature decreases the pace of bacterial growth. The rate of collagen and non-collagenous protein degradation and microbial population dynamics were found to vary with temperature and storage periods. Of course, hide/skin can be frozen, and then stored sufficiently for a long time, but the structure of hide/skin under freezing conditions changes undesirably due to the formation of ice crystals. One of the alternative methods could be storage of hide in vacuum under low temperatures, as used for certain foods. This method could help to avoid pollution with salt and buried raw hides. On the other hand, vacuum preservation can only be applied in practice after thorough exploration of the method. The vacuum is widely used in leather processing for leather drying, as it offers fast speed at a low temperature, which would be advantageous for heat-vulnerable chrome-free leather. Several attempts have been made to use vacuum for other leather processing steps, including leather tanning. The results acquired results show that, on the Oxysophocarpine premise of increasing the overall quality of leather tannage, the working time is greatly shortened and the discharge of waste liquid is decreased by more than 50%. During the hide sample processing under laboratory conditions, the solutions were analysed after each process. The amount of collagen protein was estimated from the amount of hydroxyproline in the solution, and the amount of hydroxyproline was determined using a photo colorimetric method. Shrinkage temperature of hide samples was determined as standard. Chromium compound exhaustion was established by determining the concentration of chromium in the initial chroming solution and in a mixture of used chroming solution and post-wash chroming solutions. The concentration of chromium in solution was determined according to the method described in the literature. The method prescribes oxidation of the chromium presented in the solution into hexavalent state using hydrogen peroxide.