Praeruptorin-B Angpt-2 expression directly within the tumor by fluorescent immunohistochemistry from human tissue samples. We found increased circulating levels of Angpt-2 in patients with CC compared to those with non-malignant pathologies. Our data indicate that Angpt-2 is useful as an additional novel marker. More importantly the data indicate a putative mechanistic involvement of Angpt-2 in tumor angiogenesis and might therefore represent a promising candidate for future therapeutic intervention. However, this aspect is clearly beyond the scope of the current project but warrants further investigation. We assume that elevated Angpt-2 in the serum reflects its potent – but most likely unspecific �C mediator function in tumor neoangiogenesis as it has been demonstrated for other entities. For the first time, we demonstrate that Angpt-2 is detectable in bile of CC patients. However, its pathophysiological role in bile is completely unknown. We hypothesize that in the sense of a “demand and supply” strategy the tumor cells might be able to produce Angpt-2 to maintain neoangiogensis at a high level. The detection of Angpt-2 in bile might be the result of tumor involvement of the large bile ducts and secretion of Angpt-2 from tumor vessels. A passive diffusion of Angpt-2 from blood vessels into the bile seems unlikely as no correlation was found for serum and bile Angpt-2 levels. Taking the current Angpt/Tie2 knowledge in healthy conditions into account, one would assume that the tumor vasculature is the primary source of Angpt-2 biosynthesis as Angpt-2 is synthesized in the endothelium. With respect to this theoretical assumption and our earlier observation that Angpt-2 is also detectable in the bile we performed immunohistochemical stainings for Angpt-2. Of note, our histological data did show that it is indeed the vasculature where Angpt-2 is expressed in biopsies from human CC samples. PSC patients are at special risk to develop CC and need accurate monitoring. In many patients, PSC is complicated by CC development despite regular surveillance. Consequently, new diagnostic approaches are required. However, Angpt-2 measurement did not help to detect CC/PSC in our cohort. Unfortunately, serum samples were not available for all patients which is a limitation of our study. Therefore we measured Angpt-2 in additional serum samples without concomitant bile specimens to provide sufficient data for statistical analysis. In summary, we show that Angpt-2 is significantly elevated in patients with CC and has a higher AUC value in ROC analysis than CA 19-9 in our cohort. More importantly, Angpt-2 is expressed in the tumor vasculature and thus is of interest for the diagnosis and therapy in patients with CC. Tendinopathy is a common overuse injury, prevalent among both athletes and workers. The disorder is often considered a mechanically driven pathology, as repetitive or forceful loading of tendons are well established risk factors. Repetitive strain and shear are thought to induce matrix degeneration in tendon tissue, making the tissue susceptible to damage and eventually to overuse injury. However, the mechanisms which precede the development of symptomatic injury have not been fully described but are felt to be multifactorial, with repetitive strain being an important risk Coptisine-chloride factor. There is evidence of extensive new blood vessel growth in most types of tendinopathy, including Achilles, patellar and lateral epicondyle tendinopathies, as well as the rotator cuff.