Chemokines, such as CCL2, CCL5, and CXCL16, whose main function is macrophage recruitment and activation, are potentially involved in host-mediated immunopathology. In this study, we observed an upregulation of CCL2, CCL5, CXCL16, TGF-b1, and DDX58 expression. TGFb1 is a multifunctional cytokine, secreted from various cells, and, in immunology, it regulates cellular proliferation,RS-127445 differentiation, and other cellular functions for a variety of cell types, especially regulatory T cells. Some research has indicated that SARSCoV papain-like protease increases TGF-b1 mRNA expression and protein production in human promonocytes. Further, Gomez-Laguna et al. inferred that the upregulation of the TGF-b may impair the host immune response during PRRSV infection by limiting the overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines necessary to decrease PRRSV replication. In response to viral infection, DDX58 plays important roles in the recognition of RNA viruses in various cells, and has been identified as a candidate for a cytoplasmic viral dsRNA receptor. Further, upregulation of this gene activates cells to produce type I interferons, which may increase the antiviral status of cells to protect against viral infection. In this regard, we found that interferon-inducible antiviral proteins, RSAD2, OAS1, were also upregulated in the period of late infection, suggesting that many of the proteins identified in this study are associated with inflammation, IFN activation, and the innate immune response. Increased expression of these proteins may help the virus enter the cell as well as potentially enhance TGEV replication or the host response against the virus,Telbivudine during the late stages of infection. In conclusion, we used the iTRAQ method to identify 316 significantly altered proteins in TGEV-infected ST cells. A larger number of protein expression changes occurred at 64 hpi compared to 48 hpi, indicating a larger shift in the proteome in the later stages of infection. GO analysis of these differentially expressed proteins indicated that a number of diverse biological processes are affected. In addition, many of the significant immune response related changes in protein expression we discovered are novel and, to our knowledge, have not been detected in previous proteome study.