Indeed, a majority of studies on chronic cocaine users points in that direction: Chronic users, compared to non-users, show a poorer ability to inhibit their overt responses, perform worse on tasks measuring mental flexibility, show compromised ability to control their attention, and choose disadvantageously in a decision-making task. Particularly strong seems to be the link between long-term cocaine use and impairments of inhibitory control processes. This fits with the proposed crucial role of frontal lobe circuits in the inhibition of prepotent responses and with the assumption that these circuits are innervated by dopamine the transmitter targeted by cocaine consume. However, the relation between inhibitory control functions and cocaine is complicated by possible pre-existent neuro-developmental factors. Recent evidence showed that subjects having preexisting lowered D2 receptor densities demonstrate higher risks to use cocaine and to become addicted and that chronic users may suffer pre-existing problems in inhibitory control. First, we were interested to see whether recreational cocaine use is Napabucasin associated with impairments in inhibitory control to a significant degree. A ����chronic���� user, as described in the existing literature, consumes cocaine on a very regular base meets the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders criteria for cocaine dependence or abuse. So far, however, no studies have systematically looked into inhibitory control impairments in the upcoming type of recreational user, who does not meet the criteria for abuse or dependence but takes cocaine on a monthly frequency. Bolla et al. and Verdejo-Garcia et al. considered that the magnitude of cognitive impairments may be proportional to the amount cocaine consume, which would suggest, first, a positive correlation between Tiotropium Bromide hydrate lifetime cocaine exposure and impairment in inhibitory control and, second, that recreational users do show impaired inhibitory control but to a smaller extent than reported for chronic users. A second aim of this study was to improve on the experimental method.