An all-encompassing dynamic model using these data is reported in Figure 7. Overfeeding energy prepartum enhances body fat deposition, partly in response to chronic hyperinsulinemia, which leads to more pronounced and sustained increase in blood NEFA postpartum and greater TAG accumulation in liver at least in part by reducing lipid catabolism and partly due to ‘‘dampened’’ Lomefloxacin hydrochloride PPARa activation. Despite such response, in overfed cows there was an attempt to counterbalance these negative effects by reducing Notch signaling and activating other cellular pathways of which cell cycle and ECM receptor interaction would likely help the liver repair from cellular damage. On the contrary, although cows fed restricted energy appeared to catabolize substantially more muscle mass prepartum, their liver was able to adapt to the higher postpartal metabolic state wellahead of parturition. This adaptation was likely driven by molecular processes partly controlled by transcription regulators such as PPARA and NFE2L2, of importance in fatty acid oxidation and cellular stress. As a result,GW791343 hydrochloride restricted-fed cows had signs of greater metabolic flux and utilization of amino acids and fatty acids but also of a more pronounced cellular inflammatory and ER-stress response. Most of those cellular adaptations were confirmed by biomarker analysis specifically during the prepartal period, which strengthened the notion that restricted-energy helped ‘‘prime’’ the liver to cope with the change in physiological state at the onset of lactation. Clearly, there is a carryover effect of plane of nutrition during late-pregnancy that will result in molecular and physiological adaptations during lactation. Our data support the view of a more robust liver in restricted-fed cows to face the metabolic and inflammatory challenges typical of the early postpartal period. As such, the transcriptomics data provide evidence that plane of dietary energy during late-pregnancy can help prime the liver for the onset of lactation. Nowadays, the culture of this flatfish is wellestablished being a very important commercial species for the aquaculture industry in Europe and Asia. However, infectious diseases are one of the most relevant limiting factors, causing severe economic losses in many cases. Neither vaccines nor therapeutic treatments are commercially available for this disease. Increased efforts were performed for more than 30 years in order to produce an efficient, safe and cost-effective vaccine against VHSV using subunits or single viral proteins as well as killed or attenuated viruses. Although some of those vaccines have induced good protection levels in laboratory conditions, they can either be unsafe for field use, its production very expensive or require high doses. DNA vaccination is based on the administration of a plasmidic DNA vector containing the gene encoding a specific antigen. This technology is a powerful tool for the design of effective vaccines against fish rhabdoviral pathogens. Rhabdoviruses possess a surface glycoprotein G that acts as the target of virus neutralizing antibodies and therefore, the most successful DNA vaccines against these viruses are based on the G glycoprotein gene under the control of the cytomegalovirus promoter.