Specifically, the somatic marker model proposes that ����body states���� that have been experienced during the past are instantiated in decision-making situations with uncertain outcomes, and provide weights in favor or against choosing specific options. This model has been extended by Craig who suggested that body states undergo a complex integration within the insular cortex, which is critical for the process of awareness itself. Therefore, the relative neural activation Scutellarein differences between SEALs and comparison subjects may reflect somatic marker differences that are instantiated when presented with specific emotional faces in general and angry faces in particular. The insula is a paralimbic structure that constitutes the invaginated portion of the cerebral cortex, forming the base of the sylvian fissure, and is considered limbic sensory cortex by some. Activation of the insular cortex has been reported in a number of processes, including pain, interoceptive, emotion-related, cognitive, and social processes. Moreover, we have shown that the insular cortex is an important structure for processing the anticipation of aversive emotional states, risk-taking, and decisionmaking. In reward-related processes, the insular cortex is important for subjective feeling states and interoceptive awareness and together with middle and inferior frontal gyri, frontal limbic areas, and the inferior parietal lobe plays an important role in inhibitory processing. Thus, differential activations in the insular cortex when assessing an emotional face could be attributed to the degree to which individuals integrate the presentation of a facial Pseudolaric-Acid-C expression with the experience of other processes, such as interoception, pain, and social interactions. Several investigators have proposed that different types of emotions are lateralized to the left- or right-sided hemisphere. In particular, these researchers have argued that aversive, negative, or energy-consuming emotions are more rightlateralized, whereas approach, positive, or energy-saving emotions are left-lateralized. Although this assumption has been called into question or has been refined, this notion still provides a useful heuristic for the current findings.