The methylation difference was shown to be robust between parents and offspring, and the study animals are no more than four generations apart from the present study cohort suggesting that the absence of expression difference is not due to loss of methylation patterns. There is always a risk that a study, no matter the number of assays used, fails to demonstrate an effect due to tissue selectiveness, or that the assays were performed outside the temporal window of causation. The appropriate comparison was not executed in this study, but if the selective trait is so elusive, it is unlikely to have been important in this trait during the domestication of the chicken. Our results indicate that the signature of selection on chromosome 4 is related to other gene elements than ADRA2C. Since no genes are known in the region it seems unlikely that the selective sweep is associated with the expression of a protein directly. Other genetic elements, such as miRNA or gene enhancers might be the selected targets. The expression of those may be WHI-P180 influenced by transmodulatory elements lost by recombination in the F10 chickens. Theoretically, since the SNP used to genotype the animals in our study was outside the sweep region, it would be possible that the regulatory regions were lost due to recombination. However, we further genotyped the inter-cross birds over the entire sweep region on a SNP 260 kb downstream from the SNP within ADRA2C, and found less than 65% recombinant individuals. A SNP 250 kb Clindamycin Phosphate upstream from ADRA2C revealed only 4% recombinants. Although such recombination may in principle dilute the effects, it could not possibly explain the lack of expression differences in the parental birds. This pathogen has been the focus of attention ever since the Irish potato famine because of its devastating effect on economically important crops, causing losses of billions of dollars per year. Although P. infestans has been studied for more than a century, little progress has been made on disease control in target host crops.New fungicide-resistant strains are a re-emerging threat to global food security, so the molecular genetics of pathogenicity is now being studied to find alternative approaches that may reduce the use of agrochemicals.