A similar use of impulse residue function approach has been reported. Acemetacin however, in order to increase the accuracy of the estimated parameters, they introduced more compartments, which results in the expense of system complexity. In this study, the smallest variability of estimated GFR and RPF is found in 2C-IRF model, which illustrates that it is not sensitive to noise and sufficiently robust in GFR or RPF measurements from DCE-MRI. Usually, deconvolution method is clinically used to determine renal transit time, however, it continues to exhibit noise in the deconvolved curves. By using the impulse residue function in our model, the vascular mean transit time is 5.660.6 s, which is similar to the result in a previous study, and we also generated the tubule mean transit time and kidney mean transit time. In Mc-Val-Cit-PABC-PNP DCE-MRI scans, administration of gadolinium contrast is usually used to enhance the signal. Gd contrast agents are rapidly cleared with a half-life of about 2 h in normal kidneys, however, it would exceed in patient with dysfunction kidneys. Thus, the retained and subsequent retention of Gd contrast would activate illness known as the nephrogenic systemic fibrosis disease. Researchers demonstrated Gd contrast possibly plays the triggering role in the development of NSF. Thus, higher dose of Gd contrast would more easily lead to NSF disease. In our study, low dose of contrast about 0.05 mmol/kg was used and this may reduce the risk of NSF. There are several limitations in our study. First, the population of the dysfunction kidneys is small. Second, the arterial input function may be affected by the inflow effects in the aorta. Last, the validity of the new model should be tested in human kidneys before clinical utility. In conclusion, our new model with the introduction of impulse residue function is feasible and suitable to estimate important renal functional parameters, and has the ability to discriminate GFR changes in healthy and diseased kidneys.G protein coupled receptors comprise a large family of diverse transmembrane signaling proteins that receive information from various extracellular stimuli including hormones, neurotransmitters or sensory stimuli.