Discrimination refers to the ability of a model to clearly distinguish between 2 groups of outcomes and can range from 0.5 to 1.0. The overall model fit for sequential models was compared using the Akaike Information Criterion,JTP-74057 which takes into account both the statistical goodness of fit and the number of variables required to achieve this particular degree of fit, by imposing a penalty for increasing the number of variables. The optimal fitted model was selected by the minimum value of AIC. In our study, bootstrapping was used to assess the internal validation of the model. Bootstrapping is a resampling process that enable one to make conclusions about the population that the data originated from by drawing with replacement from the original data set. We drew 1000 bootstrap resamples to evaluate the reliability of the regression coefficients. The standard errors were used to calculate 95% bootstrap confidence interval of odd ratios. The present study developed a practical and efficient method for identifying CKD patients who are at increased risk for ADR. This method uses patient characteristics data that can be obtained routinely on hospital admission, and that can be incorporated into the clinical practice as a tool to identify CKD patients who are at a high risk of ADRs. Numerous studies have tried to identify and stratify hospitalized patients who are at increased risk for experiencing ADRs, however,Ruxolitinib this study might be the first to incorporate patient laboratory data in the prediction model and thus, this ADR risk score is more representative of every-day clinical practice. In this study, several risk factors for the development of ADRs in hospitalized patients with CKD were identified. As confirmed by past findings, the strongest independent factor was the number of concurrently used medications. Patients with CKD may, of course, have concurrent comorbid conditions that require complex medical regimens, and the coadminstration of multiple medications can lead to drug-drug interactions, that increases their possibility of developing ADRs. The current study found that in hospitalized patients with CKD, the rate of developing ADRs increased exponentially with decreasing renal function, with more than two-thirds of ADRs occurring in patients with ESRD.