However, each specimen is variable both in terms of histopathological subtype, and grade of differentiation. It is currently not known whether poorly differentiated cells are biologically more aggressive, but many have postulated this to be the case. The M-1 sample is from a younger patient and has more poorly differentiated cancer cells than sample M-2 and M-3. In our evaluation, the poorly differentiated cells in this sample were indeed more tumorigenic, however, this observation needs additional confirmation. Nevertheless, our pilot data suggests there is considerable intra-tumoral heterogeneity at an advanced stage of progression. In addition, despite a similar clinical stage of disease, there is considerable inter-tumoral heterogeneity between the clinically isolates, based on the fractional expression of individual markers and cytopathology. Although our examination is limited in its scope, these data suggest that understanding the biological and functional basis of this heterogeneity may enable us to better understand and develop rational therapeutics for lung cancer. We are actively seeking resources to expand this scope of study. However, it is important for us to point out that irrespective of the underlying histopathological subtype, CD44hi cells are present in each biospecimen. Perhaps, this observation suggests that irrespective of the histopathological subtype, the genetic and epigenetic landscape of CD44hi tumor cells may be similar across lung cancers. If this hypothesis holds to be true, then we may be in a position to offer common CD44-biomarker guided therapeutics across lung cancer subtypes. In summary, this work substantiates the validity of our lung cancer MPE model and phenotype-based approach for the discovery of the molecular bases of functional intratumoral heterogeneity. This work extends the evidence to support our proposition that for us to effectively treat cancer, we need to approach the disease starting from a behavioral phenotype. The most efficient way for us to accomplish that task is to dissect the molecular basis of specific properties in behaviorally distinct cell subsets of individual tumors. Natural sources, such as local herbs and gum, oil and plantbased smoke, have been used by mankind for millennia as mosquito repellents and are still utilized today by 50-90% of residents throughout the rural tropics. Intensive research to discover more effective, long-lasting, and water-resistant repellents began during WWII because of more than one million cases of malaria recorded among the U.S. troops involved in overseas campaigns. The most effective widespectrum synthetic repellent to emerge from this program was N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide discovered in 1952. Although considered a gold standard for insect repellents, DEET does have disadvantages: limited efficacy against Anopheles Ruxolitinib albimanus, tolerant varieties of Aedes aegypti, and some other vectors skin irritation; possible neurotoxicity; a plasticising action on polymeric materials; and relatively high cost. Additional repellent active ingredients such as the piperidine derivatives KBR 3023 and AI3-37220 are considered almost as efficacious as DEET, and in some cases reported to remain effective for a longer duration and have more desirable cosmetic properties. The repellent diethyl phenylacetamide is as reported to be as efficacious as DEET and can be produced at about half the cost of DEET. The ethyl ester of 3-aminopropionic acid, although less efficacious than DEET, is favored by some consumers because of a low incidence of side effects since its development in 1975. The naturally and synthetically available LY2109761 compound 2undecanone was recently reported as a repellent against mosquitoes and ticks. Computational studies of mosquito repellency have been attempted far less frequently than for drug discovery.