Research into the RMS needs to continue to elucidate its limitations, capabilities, mechanisms of transport and potential hazards before we are able to advance this technique into human research. The postprandial state is the period from food intake to postabsorptive state, defined in terms of extent and duration of increased plasma BETP triglycerides in response to fat intake. It is a dynamic condition, with a continuous fluctuation in the degree of lipemia and glycemia over the day, in which there is a rapid continuous remodeling of the lipoprotein and a host of other metabolic adaptations compared to the relatively PF-04856264 stable conditions in the fasting state. Over the last decade, postprandial triglyceride metabolism has taken on more importance, since fasting is not the typical physiological state of humans in modern society, who spend most of the time in the postprandial state. In this context, the evaluation of the postprandial lipemic response may be more important to identify disturbances in lipid metabolism than measurements taken in the fasting state. In fact, large population studies have assessed the association between non-fasting triglycerides and the risk of cardiovascular disease events. Data from these studies have clearly documented that postprandial TG levels are excellent markers of risk for coronary artery disease, peripheral vascular disease and cerebrovascular disease. In this regard, it has been proposed that non-fasting TG marked a 17- and 5-fold increased risk of myocardial infarction, a 5-and 3-fold increased risk of ischemic stroke, and a 4- and 2-fold increased risk of early death in women and men in the general population. Moreover, several studies have linked the extent of postprandial lipemia to the incidence of coronary heart disease and it has been proposed that postprandial lipoprotein metabolism is modulated by dietary patterns, food composition, conditions associated with lifestyle, physiological factors and cardiometabolic conditions such as fasting triglycerides levels, type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance and obesity.