A number of target genes regulated by miRNA that might be related with VSD have been identified. For example, miRNA -21 and miRNA-181a play an important role in the occurrence and development of VSD in mice with VSD phenotype after Dicer gene knockout. A very recent study has also found that two miRNAs, miR-1-1 and miR181c, are associated with VSD pathogenesis. However, although there are many Dehydrodiisoeugenol miRNAs related to the occurrence and development of VSD, it is unclear how they regulate VSD, and more research is needed. miRNA microarray analysis for gene expression profiles is one of the most important methods used to screen and study the occurrence and development of disease-associated specific miRNAs. We used it here to screen differentially expressed miRNAs in the plasma of patients with VSD and that of VSD-free controls. Meanwhile, quantitative real-time fluorescent polymerase chain reaction was used to verify the reliability of miRNA microarray analysis in detecting differentially expressed miRNAs. In addition, we predicted downstream target genes regulated by differentially expressed miRNAs using target gene prediction software, and further analyzed its biological function. It is hoped that this study will provide valuable information for clarifying the pathogenesis of VSD at the molecular level. In order to evaluate the roles of miRNAs in the development of VSD this study screened differentially expressed miRNAs from patients with VSD using miRNA microarray analysis, 1-Cinnamoyltrichilinin preliminarily identified target genes regulated by these miRNAs, and provided important information for clarifying the pathogenesis of VSD at the molecular level. In this study, we detected plasma miRNAs in three patients with VSD and three VSD-free controls by miRNA microarray analysis and found 36 differentially expressed miRNAs in patients with VSD with 21 downregulated miRNAs and 15 upregulated miRNAs. Three miRNA target gene databases including targetscan, mirbase, and Miranda were used to predict target genes for all differentially expressed miRNAs.