The cellular signaling mechanisms that regulate wound healing are complex and poorly understood, but recent findings suggest key roles for growth factors such as EGF, FGF2 and HGF, the cytokine TGFb and the cell fate regulator Notch. From a clinical perspective, an attractive feature of full-thickness wounds is that treatments can be applied topically, thus reducing or eliminating adverse effects on other organs. Thus, topical application of ligands for several growth factors have been reported to enhance wound healing in animal models and, in some cases, in human subjects. A rapid increase in oxygen free radical production and oxidative damage to proteins, DNA and lipid occurs in cells within and adjacent to the wound site. Some reactive oxygen species appear to serve beneficial signaling roles in the recruitment of immune cells and clearance of cellular debris, for example. However, oxidative Paeonolide stress is detrimental to multiple cellular processes that occur during the period of tissue healing and remodeling that occurs over a period of days to weeks after the injury. Reactive oxygen species generated in wounded dermal cells D-Pinitol include superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical and peroxynitrite. These ROS result in membrane lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation and damage to nucleic acids, any of which may impair cellular processes involved in wound healing including proliferation and migration of epidermal cells, and angiogenesis. The increased ROS levels experienced by cells in wounded tissue may be exacerbated by the depletion of antioxidant enzymes including Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. Uric acid is perhaps best known for its central role in gout, a disorder characterized by elevated levels of UA resulting in its precipitation to form crystals that are deposited in joint tissues where they cause inflammation and pain. On the other hand, low levels of uric acid are associated with several major disorders including Alzheimer��s and Parkinson��s diseases, and multiple sclerosis. Soluble UA functions as a free radical scavenger of hydroxyl radical and peroxynitrite and, in fact, UA is the most prominent antioxidant in the blood of humans and birds.