However, formed dentin-like structures when transplanted into immunodeficient mice; this identical to the behavior of cells isolated in MSCGM. Such in vitro and in vivo differentiation capacity suggests that although MSCGMCD condition has less potential in the cell expansion stage, this medium allows the maintenance of stem cell like characteristics. We previously reported that retroviral transduction of four transcription factors can reprogram hDPCs into iPSCs. Other groups also established iPSCs from different types of dental resources such as apical papilla, pulp of exfoliated deciduous teeth, and wisdom teeth. Human iPSCs are a potential source of patient-specific pluripotent stem cells that could be used to treat a number of human degenerative diseases without evoking immune rejection. Many major challenges, including immunogenicity and the use of oncogenes and retroviruses in the reprogramming of iPSCs need to addressed before hESCs and iPSCs can be safely used as a source for clinical cell therapy. Chief among these is the exposure to undefined animal-derived products during in vitro establishment and expansion of the cells. Beltra˜o-Braga et al. reported iPSC induction under feeder-free conditions on matrigel-coated dishes. We examined the effects of MSCGM-CD medium on the generation of human iPSCs from DPCs using a Sendai virus system, and found that the reprogramming efficiency was similar to that obtained using MSCGM medium. Our microarray analyses showed that the expression of ESC markers was similar, but not identical, between cells grown in MSCGM and MSCGM-CD. Among the embryonic stem cell marker genes defined in ISCI, NR6A1, and EDNRB were upregulated in MSCGM-CD medium. In contrast, expression of GAL, LIFR, KIT, and FGF5 mRNA were higher in MSCGM medium. However, the expression of most embryonic stem cell markers was similar in cells grown in both MSCGM-CD and MSCGM media,. Expression of these genes is tightly correlated with that of NANOG, a key transcription factor that Compound Library customer reviews maintains pluripotency, while NR6A1, EDNRB, FGF5, KIT, and LIFR have weaker correlations. This may in part explain why growth in MSCGM-CD medium did not affect the iPS induction rate. In conclusion, our data indicate that MSCGM-CD medium is a valid substitute for MSCGM, as it favors odontoblastic cell differentiation and iPS cell generation. However, MSCGM-CD is not optimal for primary cell growth or long-term propagation of the cells. Platelets are essential players in thrombosis and hemostasis and “survey” the integrity of the vascular system by discriminating between intact or injured vessel walls. Upon damage of the endothelial cell lining, platelets rapidly adhere to components of the newly exposed subendothelial extracellular matrix, e.g. collagen. Subsequently, they become activated and initiate a self-amplifying feedback-loop, resulting in enhanced platelet activation and recruitment of additional platelets from the circulation. Finally, the complex interaction between platelets, the ECM and blood components leads to the formation of a stable thrombus that seals the wound.